I must say that I was intrigued when reading that, after the abdication of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark on 14 January 2024, the world doesn’t have a single reigning queen anymore. There are several Crown Princesses in Europe, but there is not a single woman anymore sitting on a real throne, which is really a unique situation in these modern times. A quick Wikipedia search learns that the only queens alive are reigning in parts of African countries, so not in official countries. When was the last time that the world didn’t have a single female monarch? Some online said 1837, others talked about the 18th century. Well, let’s have a look (if I missed someone, let me know).
Reigning Monarch | Period |
Queen Margrethe II of Denmark | 1972-2024 |
Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands | 1980-2013 |
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom | 1952-2022 |
Queen Juliana of the Netherlands | 1948-1980 |
Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg | 1919-1964 |
Queen Salote Tupou III of Tonga | 1918-1965 |
Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde of Luxembourg | 1912-1919 |
Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands | 1890/1898-1948 |
Queen Lili’uokalani of Hawaii | 1891-1893 |
Queen Ranavalona III of Madagascar | 1883-1897 |
Queen Ranavalona II of Madagascar | 1868-1883 |
Queen Rasoherina of Madagascar | 1863-1868 |
Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom | 1837-1901 |
Queen Maria II of Portugal | 1834-1853 |
Queen Isabel II of Spain | 1833-1868 |
Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar | 1828-1861 |
Queen Maria II of Portugal | 1826-1828 |
Duchess Marie Louise of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla | 1814-1847 |
Queen Maria I of Portugal | 1777-1816 |
Empress Catherine II of Russia | 1762-1796 |
Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan | 1762-1771 |
Empress Elisabeth of Russia | 1741-1762 |
Empress Maria Theresia of Austria | 1740-1780 |
Princess Louise Hippolyte of Monaco | 1731 |
Empress Anna of Russia | 1730-1740 |
So we get back all the way to 1730. So let’s see how long we have to wait for the next abdication or death of a male monarch with a female heir to the throne. Even before 1730 the gaps without a female monarch were never very long. However female rulers become less frequent further back in time. Some female monarchs were disputed, and some were only ruling together with a male monarch.
Reigning Monarch | Period |
Empress Catherine I of Russia | 1725-1727 |
Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden | 1718-1720 |
Queen Anne of Great Britain | 1702-1714 |
Queen Mary II of England, Ireland and Scotland | 1689-1694 |
Queen Cristina of Sweden | 1632-1654 |
Empress Meisho of Japan | 1629-1643 |
Sovereign Isabella Clara Eugenia of the Spanish Netherlands | 1598-1621 |
Tsaritsa Irina Godunova | 1598 |
Queen Anna of Poland | 1575-1587 |
Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland | 1558-1603 |
Queen Jeanne III of Navarre | 1555-1572 |
Queen Mary I of England and Ireland | 1553-1558 |
Queen Jane of England and Ireland | 1553 |
Queen Mary I of Scotland | 1542-1567 |
Queen Rafohy of Madagascar | 1530-1540 |
Queen Rangita of Madagascar | 1520-1530 |
Queen Juana of Castile and Aragon | 1504-1555 |
Queen Catherine of Navarre | 1483-1517 |
Queen Leonor of Navarre | 1479 |
Queen Isabel I of Castile and León | 1474-1504 |
Queen Catherine Cornaro of Cyprus | 1474-1489 |
Queen Blanche II of Navarre | 1461-1464 |
Queen Charlotte of Cyprus | 1458-1464 |
Queen Blanche I of Navarre | 1425-1441 |
Queen Joanna I of Naples | 1414-1435 |
Co-Princess Isabella of Foix-Castelbon of Andorra | 1398-1412 |
Queen Margrete I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden | 1387-1412 |
Queen Jadwiga of Poland | 1384-1399 |
Queen Maria of Hungary and Croatia | 1386-1395 |
Queen Maria of Hungary and Croatia | 1382-1385 |
Queen Maria of Sicily | 1377-1401 |
Queen Joanna I of Naples | 1343-1382 |
Queen Joanna II of Navarre | 1328-1349 |
Queen Margaret of Scotland | 1286-1290 |
Queen Joanna I of Navarre | 1284-1305 |
Queen Constance II of Sicily | 1282-1285 |
Queen Sancha of León | 1230 |
Queen Dulce of León | 1230 |
Empress Ly Chieu Hoang of Vietnam | 1224-1225 |
Queen Berengaria of Castile | 1217 |
Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem | 1212-1228 |
Queen Maria of Jerusalem | 1205-1212 |
Queen Constance I of Sicily | 1194-1198 |
Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem | 1190/92-1205 |
Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem | 1186-1190 |
Queen Matilda of England | 1141-1148 |
Queen Petronilla of Aragon | 1137-1164 |
Queen Melisende of Jerusalem | 1131-1153 |
Queen Urraca of Leon and Castile | 1109-1126 |